Understanding and Changing the World [electronic resource] : From Information to Knowledge and Intelligence /

1. Introduction -- Part I For a Gnoseological View of the World -- 2. Fundamental Questions about Knowledge -- 3. Information and Knowledge -- 4. The Development and Application of Knowledge -- Part II Computing, Knowledge and Intelligence -- 5. Physical Phenomena and Computational Processes -- 6. Human vs Artificial Intelligence -- Part III Consciousness and Society -- 7. Consciousness -- 8. Value Systems and Society -- 9. Epilogue -- Index.

This book discusses the importance of knowledge as an intangible asset, separate from physical entities, that can enable us to understand and/or change the world. It provides a thorough treatment of knowledge, one that is free of ideological and philosophical preconceptions, and which relies exclusively on concepts and principles from the theory of computing and logic. It starts with an introduction to knowledge as truthful and useful information, and its development and management by computers and humans. It analyses the relationship between computational processes and physical phenomena, as well as the processes of knowledge production and application by humans and computers. In turn, the book presents autonomous systems that are called upon to replace humans in complex operations as a step toward strong AI, and discusses the risks – real or hypothetical – of the careless use of these systems. It compares human and machine intelligence, attempting to answer the question of whether and to what extent computers, as they stand today, can approach human-level situation awareness and decision-making. Lastly, the book explains the functioning of individual consciousness as an autonomous system that manages short- and long-term objectives on the basis of value criteria and accumulated knowledge. It discusses how individual values are shaped in society and the role of institutions in fostering and maintaining a common set of values for strengthening social cohesion. The book differs from books on the philosophy of science in many respects, e.g. by considering knowledge in its multiple facets and degrees of validity and truthfulness. It strikes a balance between popular books that sidestep fundamental issues and focus on sensationalism, and scientific or philosophical books that are not accessible to non-experts. Joseph Sifakis is a Greek-born French computer scientist recognized for his contributions to the development of safe computer systems. He is a member of six academies and winner of the 2007 Turing Award. His current research focuses on the design of trustworthy autonomous systems.